The OPI at Age 30 Contributions, Limitations, and a View to the Future
Judith E. Liskin-Gasparro
1. Introduction
2. The ACTFL Guidelines and the OPI: The First Paradigm Shift
2.1 Early Impact
2.2 Institutionalization of the ACTFL Guidelines and the OPI
3. Early Critiques of the OPI
3.1 Validity
3.2 Language Elicited by the OPI
4. A New Paradigm Shift?
4.1 The Nature of the Proficiency Construct
4.2 Interlocutor Effects in Proficiency Tests
4.2.1 Interviewer Impact on Interviewee Discourse
4.2.2 Interviewer Impact on Proficiency Ratings
5. Future Research Directions