{"id":4036,"date":"2023-07-05T10:32:35","date_gmt":"2023-07-05T01:32:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hituzi.co.jp\/hituzigusa\/?p=4036"},"modified":"2025-10-06T09:55:49","modified_gmt":"2025-10-06T00:55:49","slug":"architecture-09","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hituzi.co.jp\/hituzigusa\/2023\/07\/05\/architecture-09\/","title":{"rendered":"\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u8868\u8a18\u306e\u30a2\u30fc\u30ad\u30c6\u30af\u30c1\u30e3\uff1a\u7b2c9\u56de\uff1a\u632f\u4eee\u540d\uff083\uff09\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027 \uff0fThe Architecture of Written Japanese: 09 The History of Furigana \uff083\uff09\uff5c\u4eca\u91ce\u771f\u4e8c\u30fbChris Lowy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 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class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>\u3044\u3068\u306f\u3057\u305f\u306a\u304d\u3053\u3068<br>\u4e16\u306e\u304a\u307b\u3048\u306f\u306a\u3084\u304b\u306a\u308b<br>\u308f\u308a\u306a\u304f\u307e\u3068\u306f\u3055\u305b\u7d66\u3042\u307e\u308a\u306b<br>\u3055\u304c\u306a\u304d\u3053\u3068\u3069\u3082<br>\u3044\u3068\u3042\u3048\u306a\u304f\u3066<\/td><td>\u7121\u534a\u4e8b\u4e5f<br>\u8072\u83ef\u4e5f<br>\u7121\u5225\u3000\u7121\u7834\u4e5f\u3000\u7e8f\uff08\u53f3\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u30de\u30c8\u30d5\uff09\u4e5f<br>\u4e0d\u7965\u4e5f\u3000\u7121\u60aa\u5584\u4e5f\u3000\u60aa\u6027\u4e5f\u3000\u4e0d\u826f\u4e5f<br>\u6700\u7121\u6562\u4e5f\u3000\u5c02\u3000\u30a4\u30c8<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300015\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u964d\u306b\u6210\u3063\u305f\u3068\u601d\u308f\u308c\u308b\u300e\u4eee\u540d\u6587\u5b57\u9063\u300f\u3068\u540d\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4eee\u540d\u9063\u66f8\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6e90\u5149\u884c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5b50\u306e\u89aa\u884c\u304c\u307b\u307c\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u305b\u305f\u300e\u6e90\u6c0f\u7269\u8a9e\u300f\u306e\u6ce8\u91c8\u66f8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300e\u6c34\u539f\u6284\u300f\u306b\u52a0\u7b46\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\u884c\u963f\uff08\u4fd7\u540d\u306f\u6e90\u77e5\u884c\u3067\u3001\u89aa\u884c\u306f\u7956\u7236\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308b\uff09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7de8\u307e\u308c\u305f\u4eee\u540d\u9063\u66f8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u85e4\u539f\u5b9a\u5bb6\u3068\u3080\u3059\u3073\u3064\u3051\u3089\u308c\u305f\u305f\u3081\u306b\u300c\u5b9a\u5bb6\u537f\u4eee\u540d\u9063\u300d\u300c\u5b9a\u5bb6\u4eee\u540d\u9063\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u66f8\u540d\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3082\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6c5f\u6238\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u3082\u7e70\u8fd4\u3057\u51fa\u7248\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u56f32\u306f\u520a\u8a18\u306b\u300c\u83ca\u5c4b\u4e03\u90ce\u5175\u885b\u677f\u300d\u3068\u3042\u308b\u6c5f\u6238\u671f\u306b\u51fa\u7248\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u300c\u3046\u300d\u306e\u90e8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u300112\u884c\u76ee\u306e\u4e0b\u6bb5\u306b\u300c\u3042\u3061\u304d\u306a\u3046\u3000\u7121\u70ba[\u53f2\u8a18\uff0f\u5728\u4e5f]\u3000\u7121\u5e38\uff0f\u65e5\u672c\u7d00\u300d\u3068\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"716\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hituzi.co.jp\/hituzigusa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/e42aacbc0018e44a6c0c6af74f76706e-1024x716.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4041\" style=\"width:529px;height:369px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hituzi.co.jp\/hituzigusa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/e42aacbc0018e44a6c0c6af74f76706e-1024x716.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hituzi.co.jp\/hituzigusa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/e42aacbc0018e44a6c0c6af74f76706e-300x210.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hituzi.co.jp\/hituzigusa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/e42aacbc0018e44a6c0c6af74f76706e-768x537.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hituzi.co.jp\/hituzigusa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/e42aacbc0018e44a6c0c6af74f76706e.jpeg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u56f32<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u300e\u4eee\u540d\u6587\u5b57\u9063\u300f\u306f\u4eee\u540d\u9063\u66f8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u304b\u306a\u3065\u304b\u3044\u306e\u307f\u3092\u793a\u305b\u3070\u3088\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u4eee\u540d\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u304b\u306a\u3065\u304b\u3044\u3092\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u4e0d\u5206\u660e\u306a\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306e\u300c\u624b\u5f53\u300d\u3068\u601d\u308f\u308c\u308b\u304c\u3001\u300e\u4eee\u540d\u6587\u5b57\u9063\u300f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u307b\u307c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u306b\u6f22\u5b57\u5217\u304c\u6dfb\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3001\u300c\u4eee\u540d\u6587\u5b57\u5217\uff0b\u6f22\u5b57\u5217\u300d\u304c1\u3064\u306e\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u5f62\u5f0f\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5c11\u3057\u4f8b\u3092\u3042\u3052\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>\u306a\u3092\u3055\u308a\u304b\u3066\u3089<\/td><td>\u7b49\u9591<\/td><td>\u3092\u3068\u3064\u308c<\/td><td>\u97f3\u4fe1<\/td><td>\u97f3<\/td><td>\uff08\u3092\u90e8\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u304a\u307b\u305d\u3089<\/td><td>\u7a7a\u865a<\/td><td>\u304a\u3082\u3072\u3084\u308b<\/td><td>\u60f3\u50cf<\/td><td><\/td><td>\uff08\u304a\u90e8\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u306a\u304b\u3089\u3078<\/td><td>\u9577\u4e45<\/td><td>\u3086\u3046\u306f\u3078<\/td><td>\u5915\u6804<\/td><td>\u5915\u5149<\/td><td>\uff08\u3078\u90e8\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u3064\u304f\u308d\u3072\u3066<\/td><td>\u7642\u6cbb<\/td><td>\u306d\u305f\u3072\u304b\u306a<\/td><td>\u5ac9\u59ac<\/td><td><\/td><td>\uff08\u3072\u90e8\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u3055\u3044\u306f\u3044<\/td><td>\u5e78\u798f<\/td><td>\u3042\u306f\u305f\u309d\u3057<\/td><td>\u5468\u7ae0<\/td><td><\/td><td>\uff08\u306f\u90e8\uff09<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u306b\u6dfb\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6f22\u5b57\u5217\u306f\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u52a9\u3051\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6dfb\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u601d\u308f\u308c\u308b\u304c\u3001\u548c\u8a9e\u300c\u30a2\u30ef\u30bf\u30c0\u30b7\u300d\u3092\u6f22\u5b57\u5217\u300c\u5468\u7ae0\u300d\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6587\u5b57\u5316\u3057\u3001\u300c\u3042\u306f\u305f\u309d\u3057\u300d\u3092\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u5148\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u300e\u4eee\u540d\u6587\u5b57\u9063\u300f\u306f15\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u964d\u306b\u6210\u3063\u305f\u3068\u63a8\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u300e\u4eee\u540d\u6587\u5b57\u9063\u300f\u306f\u5ba4\u753a\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u7de8\u307e\u308c\u305f\u300e\u7bc0\u7528\u96c6\u300f\u3068\u540d\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8f9e\u66f8\u306b\u5f15\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u300c\u5c0f\u6c40\u672c\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3001\u300c\u5370\u5ea6\u672c\u300d\u306b\u5c5e\u3059\u308b\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u300c\u3092\u90e8\u300d\u8a00\u8a9e\u9032\u9000\u9580\u306b\u300c\u4e0d\u6727\u6c17\uff08\u53f3\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u30f2\u30db\u30ed\u30b1\u30ca\u30e9\u30b9\uff09\u5c0f\u8def\uff08\u53f3\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u30f2\u30dc\u30ed\u30ca\u30ea\uff09\u5b9a\u300d\u3068\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u300c\u5b9a\u300d\u304c\u5b9a\u5bb6\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u300e\u4eee\u540d\u6587\u5b57\u9063\u300f\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002\u300e\u4eee\u540d\u6587\u5b57\u9063\u300f\u306e\u300c\u304a\u90e8\u300d\u306b\u306f\u300c\u304a\u307b\u308d\u3051\u306a\u3089\u3059\u3000\u4e0d\u6727\u6c17\u3000\u304a\u307b\u308d\u3051\u4e5f\u3000\u6727\u300d\u3068\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3001\u6f22\u5b57\u5217\u300c\u5c0f\u8def\u300d\u306f\u898b\u3048\u306a\u3044\u3051\u308c\u3069\u3082\u3001\u300e\u4eee\u540d\u6587\u5b57\u9063\u300f\u306e\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5f62\u3067\u3001\u4eee\u540d\u9063\u66f8\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8f9e\u66f8\u306e\u4f53\u3092\u6210\u3059\u300e\u7bc0\u7528\u96c6\u300f\u306b\u3068\u308a\u3053\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306f\u6ce8\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3002\u8f9e\u66f8\u4f53\u8cc7\u6599\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3068\u3089\u3048\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4eee\u540d\u9063\u66f8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300e\u4eee\u540d\u6587\u5b57\u9063\u300f\u3068\u8f9e\u66f8\u306e\u4f53\u3092\u6210\u3059\u300e\u7bc0\u7528\u96c6\u300f\u3068\u306f\u96a3\u308a\u5408\u308f\u305b\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3088\u3044\u3002\u300e\u4eee\u540d\u6587\u5b57\u9063\u300f\u304c\u300e\u7bc0\u7528\u96c6\u300f\u306b\u3068\u308a\u3053\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u88cf\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u4eee\u540d\u52dd\u3061\u306b\u6587\u5b57\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300e\u6e90\u6c0f\u7269\u8a9e\u300f\u306e\u300c\u672c\u6587\u300d\u7406\u89e3\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u4eee\u540d\u306e\u305d\u3070\u306b\u6f22\u5b57\u3092\u508d\u66f8\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4eee\u540d\u9063\u66f8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8a9e\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u308f\u304b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u4eee\u540d\u5217\u306e\u4e0b\u306b\u6f22\u5b57\u5217\u3092\u6dfb\u3048\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u898b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u306b\u306f\u5171\u901a\u6027\u304c\u307f\u3048\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u524d\u8005\u3092\u300c\u632f\u6f22\u5b57\u300d\u3068\u307f\u308c\u3070\u3001\u300c\u632f\u6f22\u5b57\u300d\u306f\u300c\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u300d\u304c\u53cd\u8ee2\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3057\u3001\u5f8c\u8005\u304c\u4eee\u540d\u5217\u306e\u4e0b\u306b\u6dfb\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6f22\u5b57\u3092\u4eee\u540d\u5217\u306e\u6a2a\u306b\u7f6e\u3051\u3070\u3001\u300c\u632f\u6f22\u5b57\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u632f\u6f22\u5b57\u300d\u3068\u300c\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u300d\u3068\u306f\u4eee\u540d\u3068\u6f22\u5b57\u306e\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3092\u300c\u672c\u884c\u300d\u306b\u7f6e\u304f\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9055\u3044\u3060\u3051\u3057\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3001\u3068\u307f\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3001\u3068\u3082\u306b2\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6ce8\u91c8\u3068\u307f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u300e\u7bc0\u7528\u96c6\u300f\u306e\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u306b\u306f\u8a9e\u91c8\u304c\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u300e\u7bc0\u7528\u96c6\u300f\u306f\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u306e\u307f\u306e\u8f9e\u66f8\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u300c\u5e73\u61d0\uff08\u53f3\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u30ca\u30c0\u30e9\u30ab\uff09\u300d\u300c\u5bc6\u96f2\uff08\u53f3\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u30ca\u30df\u30c0\u30b0\u30e0\uff09\u300d\uff08\u300c\u7d4c\u4eae\u672c\u300d\u30ca\u90e8\u8a00\u8a9e\u9580\uff09\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u300c\u6f22\u5b57\u5217\uff0b\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u300d\u304c\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300c\u5e73\u61d0\uff08\u53f3\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u30ca\u30c0\u30e9\u30ab\uff09\u300d\u304c\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u6f22\u5b57\u5217\u300c\u5e73\u61d0\u300d\u3068\u548c\u8a9e\u300c\u30ca\u30c0\u30e9\u30ab\u300d\u304c\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u300e\u7bc0\u7528\u96c6\u300f\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u5927\u4e8b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u30022\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u8868\u610f\u6587\u5b57\u3067\u3042\u308b\u6f22\u5b57\u3068\u8868\u97f3\u6587\u5b57\u3067\u3042\u308b\u4eee\u540d\u3068\u306f\u3001\u7d50\u5c40\u306f\u4e2d\u56fd\u8a9e\u3068\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3068\u3044\u30462\u3064\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u3068\u3044\u308f\u3070\u300c\u5e73\u884c\u95a2\u4fc2\u300d\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u501f\u7528\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8a9e\uff1d\u6f22\u8a9e\u304c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3092\u5360\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3068\u3044\u3063\u3066\u3088\u3044\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3002\u5927\u3052\u3055\u306b\u3044\u3046\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u3068\u306f\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u8a9e\uff1d\u6f22\u8a9e\u53ca\u3073\u6f22\u5b57\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u6b74\u53f2\u3067\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3092\u6f22\u5b57\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u6587\u5b57\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u306e\u3042\u308b\u9762\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3068\u307f\u3066\u3082\u3088\u3044\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u304c\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306f\u3001\u6c5f\u6238\u6642\u4ee3\u3068\u3044\u3063\u3066\u3088\u3044\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3057\u305f\u306e\u306f\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u8a9e\u3068\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3068\u3044\u30462\u3064\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u3001\u8868\u610f\u6587\u5b57\u3068\u8868\u97f3\u6587\u5b57\u3068\u3044\u30462\u3064\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u304c\u300c\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u300d\u3092\u91b8\u6210\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u6c5f\u6238\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3001\u88fd\u7248\u5370\u5237\u306e\u5e38\u614b\u5316\u306b\u3068\u3082\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3001\u9855\u5728\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3068\u307f\u3066\u3082\u3088\u3044\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3002\u300c\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u300d\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306b\u5185\u5305\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3089\u5f37\u5f01\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">[\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u304c\u793a\u5506\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068]<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u300c\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8a00\u8a9e\u8868\u73fe\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u306e\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u8a00\u8aac\u304c\u5c55\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u601d\u308f\u305b\u308b\u304c\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u3092\u6ce8\u8996\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u308b\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u77e5\u898b\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u300c\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u307f\u305f\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u6176\u61c9\u7fa9\u587e\u5927\u5b66\u9644\u5c5e\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u65af\u9053\u6587\u5eab\u306b\u8535\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3001\u5ba4\u753a\u6642\u4ee3\u66f8\u5199\u3068\u76ee\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3001\u767e\u4e8c\u5341\u53e5\u672c\u300e\u5e73\u5bb6\u7269\u8a9e\u300f\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3001\u65af\u9053\u6587\u5eab\u672c\u3068\u547c\u3076\uff09\u3092\u89b3\u5bdf\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u306f\u65af\u9053\u6587\u5eab\u53e4\u5178\u53e2\u520a\u4e4b\u4e8c\u300e\u767e\u4e8c\u5341\u53e5\u672c\u5e73\u5bb6\u7269\u8a9e\u300f\uff081970\u5e74\u3001\u6c72\u53e4\u66f8\u9662\uff09\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6319\u4f8b\u306b\u306f\u3053\u306e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u6570\u3092\u6dfb\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u65af\u9053\u6587\u5eab\u672c\u306f\u6f22\u5b57\u7247\u4eee\u540d\u4ea4\u3058\u308a\u3067\u6587\u5b57\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u539f\u7a3f\u672b\u5c3e\u306b\u793a\u3057\u305f\u30ea\u30f3\u30af\u3092\u30af\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u65af\u9053\u6587\u5eab\u672c\u306e\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u753b\u50cf\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u5192\u982d\u3061\u304b\u304f\u3092\u3042\u3052\u308b\u3002\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u306f\u6f22\u5b57\u5217\u306e\u5f8c\u308d\u306b\u4e38\u62ec\u5f27\u306b\u5165\u308c\u3066\u793a\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u3000\u5962\uff08\u30f2\u30b4\uff09\u30ec\u30eb\u4eba\u30e2\u4e45\u30b7\u30ab\u30e9\u30ba\u3001\u53ea\uff08\u30bf\u30fd\uff09\u6625\uff08\u30cf\u30eb\uff09\u30ce\u591c\uff08\u30e8\uff09\u30ce\u5922\uff08\u30e6\u30e1\uff09\u30ce\u5982\uff08\u30b4\u30c8\uff09\u30b7\u3001\u731b\uff08\u30bf\u30b1\uff09\u30ad\u8005\uff08\u30e2\u30ce\uff09\u30e2\u7d42\uff08\u30c4\u30a4\uff09\u30cb\u30cf\u4ea1\uff08\u30db\u30ed\uff09\u30d3\u30cc\u3001\u504f\uff08\u30d2\u30c8\uff09\u30d8\u30cb\u98a8\u30ce\u524d\uff08\u30de\u30d8\uff09\u30ce\u5875\uff08\u30c1\u30ea\uff09\u30cb\u540c\u30b7<\/p>\n<cite>\uff085\u9801\uff09<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u300c\u6625\u30ce\u591c\u30ce\u5922\u30ce\u5982\u30b7\u300d\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b3\u3064\u306e\u300c\u30ce\u300d\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001\u300c\u6625\u30ce\u591c\u300d\u306e\u300c\u30ce\u300d\u306f\u300c\u672c\u884c\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u53f3\u306b\u5bc4\u3063\u3066\u5c0f\u66f8\u304d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u300c\u98a8\u30ce\u524d\u30ce\u5875\u300d\u306e\u300c\u98a8\u30ce\u524d\u300d\u306e\u300c\u30ce\u300d\u3082\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u53f3\u5bc4\u305b\u306e\u5c0f\u66f8\u304d\u3067\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u304c\u3001\u4eca\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u305d\u3053\u306b\u306f\u8e0f\u307f\u3053\u307e\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u4e0a\u3067\u306f\u300c\u672c\u884c\uff08\u307b\u3093\u304e\u3087\u3046\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001\u5c0f\u66f8\u304d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u304c\u65bd\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u3082\u300c\u884c\u300d\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u307f\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u300c\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u884c\uff08\u3075\u308a\u304c\u306a\u304e\u3087\u3046\uff09\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3073\u3001\u305d\u306e\u300c\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u884c\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u300c\u672c\u884c\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8868\u73fe\u3001\u547c\u79f0\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u300c\u307f\u304b\u305f\u300d\u306f\u91d1\u5c5e\u6d3b\u5b57\u3067\u5370\u5237\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3068\u308f\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u4e0a\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u3067\u306f\u3001\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u3068\u672c\u884c\u3068\u3092\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3068\u3001\u300c\u30f2\u30b4\u30ec\u30eb\u4eba\u30e2\u4e45\u30b7\u30ab\u30e9\u30ba\u3001\u30bf\u30c0\u30cf\u30eb\u30ce\u30e8\u30ce\u30e6\u30e1\u30ce\u30b4\u30c8\u30b7\u3001\u30bf\u30b1\u30ad\u30e2\u30ce\u30e2\u30c4\u30a4\u30cb\u30cf\u30db\u30ed\u30d3\u30cc\u300d\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u3068\u672c\u884c\u3068\u306b\u91cd\u8907\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u300c\u9060\uff08\u30c8\u30db\u30af\uff09\u30af\u7570\u671d\uff08\u30a4\u30c6\u30a6\uff09\u30f2\u8a2a\uff08\u30c8\u30d6\u30e9\uff09\u30a6\u30cb\u300d\u300c\u8fd1\uff08\u30c1\u30ab\u30af\uff09\u30af\u672c\u671d\uff08\u30db\u30f3\u30c6\u30a6\uff09\u30f2\u7aba\uff08\u30a6\u30ab\u30fd\u30d5\uff09\u30cb\u300d\u306e\u7b87\u6240\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u9060\u300d\u306e\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u300c\u30c8\u30db\u30af\u300d\u3001\u300c\u8fd1\u300d\u306e\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u300c\u30c1\u30ab\u30af\u300d\u306f\u300c\u30af\u300d\u304c\u672c\u884c\u3068\u91cd\u8907\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u7b87\u6240\u306f\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u306f\u6587\u5b57\u5316\u3092\u884c\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4eba\u7269\u3092\u300c\u66f8\u304d\u624b\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3076\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u300c\u9060\uff08\u30c8\u30db\u30af\uff09\u30af\u300d\u3092\u4f8b\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u8003\u3048\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3001\u66f8\u304d\u624b\u306f\u300c\u30c8\u30db\u30af\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a9e\u3092\u6f22\u5b57\u300c\u9060\u300d\u3068\u7247\u4eee\u540d\u300c\u30af\u300d\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u300c\u9060\u30af\u300d\u3068\u6587\u5b57\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u300c\u9060\u300d\u306b\u300c\u30c8\u30db\u30af\u300d\u3068\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u3092\u65bd\u3057\u305f\u3002\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u3092\u65bd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u66f8\u304d\u624b\u306f\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u3092\u65bd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u77ac\u9593\u300d\u306f\u8aad\u307f\u624b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3088\u3044\u3002\u66f8\u304d\u624b\u306f\u81ea\u8eab\u304c\u6587\u5b57\u5316\u3057\u305f\u672c\u884c\u306b\u3001\u8aad\u307f\u624b\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u3092\u65bd\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u66f8\u304d\u624b\u3068\u8aad\u307f\u624b\u3068\u304c\u53cc\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u306a\u5b58\u5728\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300c\u9060\u300d\u306b\u300c\u30c8\u30db\u30af\u300d\u3068\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u3092\u65bd\u3057\u305f\u306e\u306f\u3001\u300c\u30c8\u30db\u30af\u300d\u304c\u300c\u9060\u300d\u3068\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u548c\u8a13\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3044\u3048\u3070\u300c\u5b9a\u8a13\u300d\u306b\u3061\u304b\u3044\u548c\u8a13\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u63a8\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u672c\u884c\u306b\u300c\u30af\u300d\u304c\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3059\u3067\u306b\u300c\u9060\u30af\u300d\u3068\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u300c\u30c8\u30db\u30af\u300d\u3092\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u306b\u3057\u305f\u306e\u306f\u3001\uff08\u3082\u3061\u308d\u3093\u672c\u884c\u306b\u300c\u30af\u300d\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u3046\u3063\u304b\u308a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u932f\u8aa4\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u304c\uff09\u300c\u30c8\u30db\u30af\u300d\u304c\u5207\u308c\u76ee\u306e\u306a\u3044\u3072\u3068\u307e\u3068\u307e\u308a\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u300c\u4f11\u6b62\u306e\u306a\u3044\u300d\uff08\u5bae\u5ca1\u4f2f\u4eba\uff082015\uff1a70\uff09\uff09\u3001\u300c\u5207\u308c\u76ee\u306e\u306a\u3044\u3072\u3068\u307e\u3068\u307e\u308a\u306e\u3082\u306e\u300d\u3092\u8a00\u8a9e\u5358\u4f4d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u300c\u8a9e\u300d\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3068\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3001\u3053\u306e\u300c\u9060\uff08\u30c8\u30db\u30af\uff09\u30af\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u5b57\u5316\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u3092\u65bd\u3057\u305f\u4eba\u7269\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u300c\u30c8\u30db\u30af\u300d\u304c1\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u3068\u672c\u884c\u3068\u306b\u91cd\u8907\u304c\u3042\u308b\u4f8b\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u3001\u305d\u3046\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u63a8\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3001\u300c\u4ea1\uff08\u30db\u30ed\uff09\u30d3\u30b7\u8005\uff08\u30e2\u30ce\uff09\u30c9\u30e2\u4e5f\u300d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u91cd\u8907\u304c\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3001\u300c\u4ea1\u300d\u306e\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u300c\u30db\u30ed\u300d\u304c1\u8a9e\u3068\u8a8d\u8b58\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u300c\u4ea1\u30d3\u30b7\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u300c\u30db\u30ed\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3001\u904e\u4e0d\u8db3\u304c\u306a\u3044\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u3092\u65bd\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5f53\u7136\u306e\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u3068\u672c\u884c\u306f\u91cd\u8907\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; \u300c\u4eca\u591c\uff08\u30b3\u30e8\u30a4\uff09\u30a4\u300d\uff087\u98018\u884c\u76ee\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u66f8\u304d\u624b\u306f\u6f22\u5b57\u5217\u300c\u4eca\u591c\u300d\u304c\u6f22\u8a9e\u300c\u30b3\u30f3\u30e4\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u548c\u8a9e\u300c\u30b3\u30e8\u30a4\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u307e\u305a\u300c\u30a4\u300d\u3092\u6f22\u5b57\u5217\u300c\u4eca\u591c\u300d\u306e\u5f8c\u308d\u306b\u9644\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u3092\u65bd\u3059\u306b\u3042\u305f\u3063\u3066\u3001\u6f22\u5b57\u5217\u300c\u4eca\u591c\u300d\u3068\u300c\u30b3\u30e8\u30a4\u300d\u306e\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u304d\u304c\u5f37\u304b\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u306b\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u3082\u300c\u30b3\u30e8\u30a4\u300d\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3002\u672c\u884c\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u3092\u300c\u30b3\u30e8\u300d\u3068\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306f\u3001\u300c\u30b3\u30e8\u30a4\u300d\u304c\u300c\u5207\u308c\u76ee\u306e\u306a\u3044\u3072\u3068\u307e\u3068\u307e\u308a\u306e\u3082\u306e\u300d\u3059\u306a\u308f\u30611\u8a9e\u3001\u3057\u304b\u3082\u5f62\u3092\u5909\u3048\u306a\u3044\u540d\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304b\u3089\u3068\u63a8\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00a0 \u6b64\uff08\u30b3\uff09\u30ce\u7985\u9580\uff08\u30bc\u30f3\u30e2\u30f3\uff09\u30ce\u4e16\u76db\uff08\u30e8\u30b6\u30ab\u30ea\uff09\u30ce\u9593\uff08\u30a2\u30a4\u30bf\uff09\u30cf\u3001\u804a\uff08\u30a4\u30b5\u30fd\uff09\u30ab\u3001\u4eba\u30ce\u805e\uff08\u30ad\u30ab\uff09\u30cd\u30cf\u30c8\u30c6\u30e2\u3001\u5750\uff08\u30b9\u30fd\u30ed\u30cb\uff09\u30cb\u7533\uff08\u30de\u30a6\uff09\u30b9\u8005\uff08\u30e2\u30ce\uff09\u30ce\u30ca\u30b7<\/p>\n<cite>\uff0813\u98016-7\u884c\u76ee\uff09<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; \u300c\u5750\uff08\u30b9\u30fd\u30ed\u30cb\uff09\u30cb\u300d\u306e\u7b87\u6240\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u30cb\u300d\u304c\u91cd\u8907\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3082\u300c\u5750\u300d\u306e\uff08\u304a\u305d\u3089\u304f\u5b9a\u8a13\u3068\u3044\u3063\u3066\u3088\u3044\uff09\u548c\u8a13\u304c\u300c\u30b9\u30b9\u30ed\u30cb\uff08\u30b9\u30ba\u30ed\u30cb\uff09\u300d\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u300c\u5750\u300d\u306b\u300c\u30b9\u30fd\u30ed\u30cb\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3072\u3068\u307e\u3068\u307e\u308a\u306e\u548c\u8a13\u3092\u65bd\u3057\u305f\u3068\u601d\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3053\u3053\u307e\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u308f\u304b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u300c\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u8c61\u306f\u300c\u6f22\u5b57\u5217\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8a9e\u3092\u3042\u3089\u308f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u793a\u3059\u300d\u300c\u6f22\u5b57\u5217\u306e\u3088\u307f\u3092\u793a\u3059\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u3001\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u304c\u65bd\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6642\u671f\u306e\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u3042\u308a\u304b\u305f\u3068\u6df1\u304f\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u6c5f\u6238\u671f\u3001\u660e\u6cbb\u671f\u306e\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u306e\u89b3\u5bdf\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u308f\u304b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3044\u3046\u307e\u3067\u3082\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u3042\u308a\u304b\u305f\u3068\u6df1\u304f\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u3092\u4e01\u5be7\u306b\u89b3\u5bdf\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u308b\u77e5\u898b\u3092\u5f97\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u8a9e\u3068\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3068\u3044\u30462\u3064\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u3001\u8868\u610f\u6587\u5b57\u3067\u3042\u308b\u6f22\u5b57\u3068\u8868\u97f3\u6587\u5b57\u3067\u3042\u308b\u4eee\u540d\u3068\u3044\u30462\u3064\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u7a2e\u304c\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u3092\u6210\u7acb\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306e\u300c\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u300d\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u7559\u610f\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bae\u5ca1\u4f2f\u4eba\u3000\u30002015\u3000\u300e\u300c\u8a9e\u300d\u3068\u306f\u306a\u306b\u304b\u30fb\u518d\u8003\u3000\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u6587\u6cd5\u3068\u300c\u6587\u5b57\u306e\u9665\u7a7d\u300d\u300f\uff08\u4e09\u7701\u5802\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5927\u5cf6\u672c\u300e\u6e90\u6c0f\u7269\u8a9e\u300f\u5e1a\u6728\u5dfb26\u4e01\u88cf\u3000\u65e9\u7a32\u7530\u5927\u5b66\u7dcf\u5408\u53e4\u5178\u7c4d\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.wul.waseda.ac.jp\/kosho\/bunko30\/bunko30_a0080\/bunko30_a0080_0001\/bunko30_a0080_0001.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/archive.wul.waseda.ac.jp\/kosho\/bunko30\/bunko30_a0080\/bunko30_a0080_0001\/bunko30_a0080_0001.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u83ca\u5c4b\u4e03\u90ce\u5175\u885b\u677f\u300e\u4eee\u540d\u6587\u5b57\u9063\u300f30\u4e01\u8868\u3000\u65af\u9053\u6587\u5eab\u672c\u306e\u753b\u50cf<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fl-keio.info\/fl_img\/course01\/detail\/092_To45_11_003.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.fl-keio.info\/fl_img\/course01\/detail\/092_To45_11_003.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>The History of Furigana<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-right\">Konno Shinji, trans. Chris Lowy<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Chapter 01 Part 02: Furigana in Contemporary Fiction<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In this section I refer to the following pieces of fiction and discuss how furigana is used in them. Page numbers appearing in parenthesis throughout this section refer to the versions of the text listed below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nakagami Kenji,\u00a0<em>The Kareki Sea\u00a0<\/em>(Karekinada; Kawade shob\u014d shinsha, May 1977)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u014ce Kenzabur\u014d, <em>The Game of Contemporaneity<\/em>\u00a0(D\u014djidai geemu; Shinch\u014dsha, November 1979)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Murakami Ry\u016b,\u00a0<em>Coin Locker Babies<\/em>, vols. 1 &amp; 2(Koinrokkaa beibiizu; K\u014ddansha, October 1980)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inoue Hisashi,\u00a0<em>Kirikirijin\u00a0<\/em>(Shinch\u014dsha, August 1981)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maruya Saiichi,\u00a0<em>Kimigayo \u2013 Sing it in Falsetto!<\/em>\u00a0(Uragoe de utae kimigayo; Shinch\u014dsha, August 1982)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Can one write Japanese without furigana?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Murakami Ry\u016b\u2019s <em>Coin Locker Babies<\/em> does not have much furigana in it. There are around 21 examples to cite in all 257 pages of volume one: <ruby>\u76ee\u7729<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3081\u307e\u3044<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby> (<em>memai<\/em>, vertigo; pg. 4), <ruby>\u98ef\u4e8b<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u307e\u307e\u3054\u3068<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby> (<em>mamagoto<\/em>, playing house; 7), <ruby>\u8ee2<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3046\u305f<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u305f\u5bdd (<em>utatane<\/em>, a nap; 14), <ruby>\u9b5a\u7c60<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3073\u304f<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby> (<em>biku<\/em>, wooden fish basket; 16), <ruby>\u5857<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u307e\u307f<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u308c\u3066 (<em>mamirete<\/em>, smeared with [x]; 16), <ruby>\u5927\u92f8\u5c51<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u304a\u304c\u304f\u305a<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby> (<em>ogakuzu<\/em>, sawdust; 18), <ruby>\u6226<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u305d\u3088<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u3044\u3067\u3044\u308b (<em>soyoideiru<\/em>, [to be] rustling; 21), <ruby>\u6804\u87ba<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3055\u3056\u3048<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u3068<ruby>\u96f2\u4e39<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3046\u306b<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby> (<em>sazae to uni<\/em>, turbo and sea urchin; 39), <ruby>\u7261\u8823<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u304b\u304d<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u6bbb (<em>kakigara<\/em>, oyster shell; 55), <ruby>\u7f45<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3072\u3073<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u5272\u308c\u305f\u30bb\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8 (<em>hibi wareta semento<\/em>, cracked cement; 87), <ruby>\u9b18<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u304b\u3064\u3089<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby> (<em>katsura<\/em>, a wig; 88), <ruby>\u55c4<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3057\u3083\u304c<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u308c\u58f0 (<em>shagaregoe<\/em>, a hoarse voice; 125), <ruby>\u5d4c<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u306f<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u3081\u304b\u3048\u305f (<em>hamekaeta<\/em>, to replace [e.g., a tire]; 133), <ruby>\u63a0<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u304b\u3059<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u308c\u3066 (<em>kasurete<\/em>, to become hoarse; 169), <ruby>\u6d41\u884c<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u306f\u3084<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u308b (<em>hayaru<\/em>, to become popular; 172), <ruby>\u8725\u8734<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3068\u304b\u3052<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby> (<em>tokage<\/em>, lizard; 178), <ruby>\u8c61\u5d4c<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u305e\u3046\u304c\u3093<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby> (<em>z\u014dgan<\/em>, inlaid work; 203), <ruby>\u9f67<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u304b\u3058<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u308b (<em>kajiru<\/em>, to gnaw; 137), <ruby>\u9873\u986c<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3053\u3081\u304b\u307f<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby> (<em>komekami<\/em>, the temple; 250), and <ruby>\u81d1<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3059\u306d<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>&nbsp; &nbsp;(<em>sune<\/em>, the shank; 250). A reader would, on average, encounter furigana roughly once every twelve pages. The impression one gets when reading the text is that furigana are almost non-existent. This is also the case in newspapers today, too. You could say that written Japanese today has settled on a style that combines Sinographs and kana (i.e., hiragana and katakana) and makes little to no use of furigana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This, of course, hasn\u2019t always been the case. For example, it was common to see foreign toponyms written in Sinographs that were largely incomprehensible without the addition of furigana: <ruby>\u745e\u897f<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u30b9\u30a4\u30b9<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby> (<em>suisu<\/em>; Switzerland), <ruby>\u5730\u7f85\u5229<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u30c1\u30ed\u30eb<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby> (<em>chiroru<\/em>; Tyrol), <ruby>\u6beb\u7834\u91cc<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u30cd\u30fc\u30d7\u30eb\u30b9<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby> (<em>neepurusu<\/em>; Naples), or <ruby>\u4e9e\u723e\u4f2f<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u30a2\u30eb\u30d7\u30b9<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby> (<em>arupusu<\/em>; the Alps), to name just a few. Today such place names are generally written in katakana so there is no need to use furigana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Looking back on the history of furigana from today\u2019s perspective, it seems reasonable to start with the assumption that Japanese can be largely written <em>without<\/em> furigana. That being the case, we should then pay attention to the situations in which furigana <em>are<\/em> being used. If we look at <em>Coin Locker Babies<\/em>, the majority of cases of furigana are terms such as <em>memai <\/em>(\u76ee\u7729; vertigo) and <em>ogakuzu<\/em> (\u5927\u92f8\u5c51; sawdust), words that are written in so-called \u201cdifficult\u201d Sinographs. \u201cDifficult\u201d here refers both to Sinographs that are not widely known (e.g., \u9873\u986c) as well as associations between common Sinographs and common words that are not widely known (e.g., <em>soyogu<\/em> and \u6226).<a href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> In both cases we might say that difficult Sinographs have been used, with furigana showing the precise word one is intending to write. At the end of the day, then, these are furigana-as-readings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Furigana and dialect: the case of the Kirikiri language<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Kirikiri language is used throughout Inoue Hisashi\u2019s <em>Kirikirijin<\/em>. It is a language closely resembling the Tohoku dialect of northern Japan, with the text explaining that it is \u201ca language that broke away from the Japanese language no later than the early Edo Period\u201d (75). The language appears as furigana throughout the text so much so that it becomes painful for the reader. In the third part of the book there is even a set of practice exercises designed to help one master Kirikiri. It is not surprising, then, that Kirikiri plays an important role in <em>Kirikirijin<\/em>. Below is one passage from the text. I have done my best to preserve the original visual representation. Note that bolded words that appear in either Latin transcriptions indicate words that have furigana attached to them in the original, <em>dzu<\/em> in the transcription represents \u3065, and non-initial capital letters represent miniscule or otherwise unconventional uses of katakana. The transcription of the base text is largely hypothetical: the use of dialect (e.g., the ending <em>dacha<\/em> in the first sentence) suggests that the entire text ought to be read in Kirikiri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Original text<\/td><td><ruby>\u30d3\u30c3\u30b0\u30b7\u30e7\u30fc<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u30d9\u30c3\u30b0\u30bd\u30fc<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby><ruby>\u8a00<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3064<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u3048\u3070\u3001N H K\u306e\u770b\u677f\u756a\u7d44\u3060\u3063\u3061\u3083\u3002<ruby>\u59be<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u308f\u3060\u3059<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u3082<ruby>\u6642\u3005<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3068\u304e\u3069\u304e<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u3001<ruby>\u898b\u308b<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u307f\u3064<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e8b<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3053\u3069<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u3001<ruby>\u3042\u308b<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3042\u3093<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<ruby>\u59be<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u308f\u3060\u3059<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u306e\u898b\u3060\u306a\u30a1<ruby>\u8d8a\u8def<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3053\u3059\u3065<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby><ruby>\u5439\u96ea<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3075\u3093\u3076\u304d<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u3060\u3079\u3001<ruby>\u7f8e<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3081<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby><ruby>\u7a7a<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u305d\u3089\u3044<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby><ruby>\u3072\u3070\u308a<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3044\u3070\u308a<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u3060\u3079\u3001<ruby>\u5317\u5cf6<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3051\u305f\u3065\u307e<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e09\u90ce<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3055\u3076\u308d<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u3060\u3079\u3001<ruby>\u4e94\u6728<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3048\u3065\u304e<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby><ruby>\u3072\u308d\u3057<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3078\u308d\u3059<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u3060\u3079\u3001\u2026\u3002<ruby>\u514e\u306b\u89d2<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3068\u306c\u304b\u3050<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u3001<ruby>\u4e00\u6d41<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3048\u3065\u308b\u30fc<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u306e<ruby>\u82b8\u4eba<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3052\u30fc\u306c\u3093<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u3070\u3063\u304b\u308a\u30b9\u3001\u3053\u306e\u756a\u7d44\u3055\u51fa\u3089\u308c\u3093\u306e\u306f\u3002\u3059\u3063\u3068\u3001\u3061\u307e\u308a<ruby>\u8cb4\u65b9<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3042\u3093\u3060<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u306e<ruby>\u6bcd\u69d8<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u304b\u3042\u3061\u3084<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u3082\u4e00\u6d41\u306e\u82b8\u4eba\u306a\u3093\u3060\u306d\u3002\u3060\u3069\u3082\u3001<ruby>\u60aa<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u308f\u308a<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u30a3\u3051\u3063\u3068\u3082\u3001\u540d\u524d\u306f\u805e\u3044\u3060<ruby>\u4e8b<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3054\u3060<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u30a1<ruby>\u306a\u3044<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u306d\u30fc<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u306a\u3042\u3002<ruby>\u8a00\u3046<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3064\u30fc<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby><ruby>\u4e8b<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3054\u3069<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u306f<ruby>\u30aa\u30da\u30e9<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u30aa\u30b1\u30e9<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby><ruby>\u6b4c\u624b<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u304b\u3059<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u304b<ruby>\u4f55<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u306a\u3093<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u304b\u3067<ruby>\u5fa1\u5ea7\u5c45<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3054\u305c\u30fc<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u3059\u304b\uff1f(455)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Transcription of base text<\/td><td><strong><em>Biggusho<\/em><\/strong><em> ieba, NHK no kanban bangumi daccha. <strong>Watashi<\/strong> mo <strong>tokidoki<\/strong>, <strong>miru koto<\/strong>, <strong>arudeshita<\/strong>. Watashi no midanaA <strong>Koshiji Fubuki<\/strong> dabe, <strong>Misora Hibari<\/strong> dabe, <strong>Kitajima Sabur<\/strong><\/em><strong><em>\u014d<\/em><\/strong><em> dabe, <strong>Itsuki Hiroshi<\/strong> dabe, \u2026 <strong>Tonikaku<\/strong>, <strong>ichiry<\/strong><\/em><strong><em>\u016b no geinin<\/em><\/strong><em> bakkariSU, kono bangaumi sa derarenno wa. Sutto, chimari <strong>anata<\/strong> no <strong>kaasama<\/strong> mo <\/em><em>ichiry<\/em><em>\u016b no geinin nandane. Dadomo, <strong>waruI<\/strong> kettomo, namae ba kiida <strong>koto<\/strong> A <strong>nainaa<\/strong>. <strong>Iu koto<\/strong> wa <strong>opera kashu<\/strong> ka <strong>nanika<\/strong> de <strong>gozaimasuka<\/strong>?<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Transcription of furigana<\/td><td><strong><em>Beggusoo tsu<\/em><\/strong><em> ieba, NHK no kanban bangumi daccha. <strong>Wadasu<\/strong> mo <strong>togidogi<\/strong>, <strong>mitsu kodo<\/strong>, <strong>andeshita<\/strong>. Wadasu no midanaA <strong>Kosudzu Funbuki<\/strong> dabe, <strong>Mesorai Ibari<\/strong> dabe, <strong>Ketadzuma Saburo<\/strong><\/em><em> dabe, <strong>Ezugi Herosu<\/strong> dabe, \u2026 <strong>Tonukagu<\/strong>, <strong>edzuruu<\/strong><\/em><strong><em> no geenin<\/em><\/strong><em> bakkariSU, kono bangaumi sa derarenno wa. Sutto, chimari <strong>anda<\/strong> no <strong>kaacha<\/strong> mo <\/em><strong><em>edzuruu<\/em><\/strong><strong><em> <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>no geenin<\/em><\/strong><em> nandane. Dadomo, <strong>wariI<\/strong> kettomo, namae ba kiida <strong>goda<\/strong>A <strong>neenaa<\/strong>. <strong>Tsuu goto<\/strong> wa <strong>okera kasu<\/strong> ka <strong>nanka<\/strong> de <strong>gozeesuka<\/strong>?<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Translation<\/td><td>Oh yeah, <em>Big Show<\/em>, it was a popular program on the NHK. I\u2019d also watch it from time to time. Who\u2019d be on it\u2026 let\u2019s see, Kosudzu Funbuki [Koshiji Fubuki], yeah, and Mesorai Ibari [Misora Hibari], Ketadzuma Saburo [Kitajima Sabur\u014d], and Edzugi Hirosu [Itsuki Hiroshi]. In any event, it was all first-rate entertainers on the show. Which means your mother, too, is a first-rate entertainer. But I must apologize, I\u2019ve never heard her name before. Is she some sort of opera singer or something?<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Here, even words of foreign origin such as <em>Big Show<\/em> and opera, and people\u2019s names like Koshiji Fubuki and Misora Hibari, have furigana attached to them to indicate their pronunciation in the Kirikiri language. We can understand these furigana as indicating a non-standard pronunciation. The case of <ruby>\u59be<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u308f\u3060\u3059<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>, however, is a little different. One could write the first-person pronoun <em>wadasu<\/em> in hiragana (and thus without using Sinographs). If one writes <em>wadasu<\/em> in hiragana then there would, of course, be no need for furigana. Following this pattern we might anticipate <ruby>\u3059\u308b\u3068<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3059\u3063\u3068<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby> or <ruby>\u3064\u307e\u308a<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3061\u307e\u308a<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>, but they are not written in this way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In other words, it is possible to visually represent the pronunciation of words in the Kirikiri language by using kana. The above excerpt contains examples of kana that indicate a Kirikiri pronunciation and kana that do not. There are two patterns we see in those instances that <em>do not<\/em> indicate this pronunciation: (i) there are cases that necessitate furigana because Kirikiri words are written in Sinographs, and (ii) cases where words like <ruby>\u306a\u3044<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u306d\u30fc<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>, despite being written in kana, indicate the general or standard word-form in the base text but have furigana attached to them so as to indicate the Kirikiri language thus to draw a comparison between the two.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One major theme of <em>Kirikirijin <\/em>is the relationship between the center and the periphery, with the center tied to the modern standard language and the periphery tied to the Kirikiri language. This format allows for an unfamiliar but significant contribution to the Japanese literary sphere, a contribution that is represented in Japanese as <ruby>\u5171\u901a\u8a9e<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u5409\u91cc\u5409\u91cc\u8a9e<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby> (base text: the standard language; furigana: the Kirikiri language).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Inoue Hisashi\u2019s \u201cConsidering the Advantages and Disadvantages of Furigana\u201d<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to writing <em>Kirikirijin<\/em>, Inoue Hisashi also penned <em>Shikaban Nihongo bunp<\/em><em>\u014d<\/em> (A Personal Grammar of the Japanese Language, 1981) which contains the section \u201cRubi wa son ka toku ka kangaeru\u201d <ruby>\u632f\u4eee\u540d\u640d\u5f97\u52d8\u5b9a<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u30eb\u30d3\u306f\u305d\u3093\u304b\u3068\u304f\u304b\u304b\u3093\u304c\u3048\u308b<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby> (Considering the Advantages and Disadvantages of Furigana).<a href=\"#_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> This essay contains Inoue\u2019s clearest thoughts on furigana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In \u201cConsidering Furigana,\u201d Inoue introduces Yamamoto Y\u016bz\u014d\u2019s essay \u201cFurigana haishi ron\u201d (An Argument for Abandoning Furigana) \u2013 a text I also discuss in the Conclusion to this book \u2013 and, with Yamamoto\u2019s reference to furigana as \u201cblack bugs\u201d (<em>kuroi mushi<\/em>) in mind, says<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>the large increase in furigana use is in line with the trend for the intellectual pleasures of a select few to become something the masses were starting to enjoy. That is, from late Edo through Meiji, pleasure and entertainment rooted in intellect and knowledge spread far and wide on the back of those black bugs we call furigana.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>He continues,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>to put it another way, furigana is a valuable tool that links Sinographs to kana (i.e., meaning) and to sound. If we spray anymore insecticide on those hard-working black bugs the Japanese language would fall apart. I don\u2019t think we should get carried away by things such as the processes of mass popularization (<em>taish\u016bka<\/em>) and rationalization (<em>g\u014drika<\/em>). (106-7)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>When special word-forms become furigana<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u90c1\u7537\u306f\u4f55\u5ea6\u3082\u4f55\u5ea6\u3082<strong><ruby>\u9244\u65a7<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3088\u304d<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby><\/strong>\u3084\u5305\u4e01\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3001\u8def\u5730\u306e\u5bb6\u304b\u3089\u300c\u5225\u8358\u300d\u306e\u8fba\u308a\u306b\u3042\u308b\u7fa9\u7236\u306e\u5bb6\u3078\u3001\u30d5\u30b5\u3068\u79cb\u5e78\u3092\u6bba\u3057\u306b\u304d\u305f\u3002<br><br><em>Time and time again Ikuo took hold of a <strong>hatchet<\/strong> or cleaver and left his home in the alley to go kill Fusa and Akiyuki at his stepfather\u2019s place near the villa.<\/em><\/p>\n<cite>(Nakagami, 108)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5e74\u306f\u5341\u4e5d\u3067\u3001<strong><ruby>\u865a<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3053<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp>\u7121<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3082\u3093<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp>\u50e7<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u305d<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby><\/strong>\u306a\u3055\u308b<strong>\u3002<\/strong><br><br><em>He was nineteen and living as one of those <strong>basket-wearing mendicant monks<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n<cite>(212)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5fb9\u304c\u300c\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u7af9\u539f\u306e<ruby>\u672c\u5bb6<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u307b\u3093\u3084<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>\u3078\u5bc4\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308c\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u79cb\u5e78\u306f\u8eca\u3092\u4ec1\u4e00\u90ce\u306e\u5bb6\u306e\u524d\u3067\u6b62\u3081\u305f\u3002<br><br><em>Akiyuki parked his car in front of Jin\u2019ichir\u014d\u2019s place because T\u014dru told him to pass by the Takehara\u2019s family home.<\/em><\/p>\n<cite>(216)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>One finds the following explanation under the entry for \u65a7 (hatchet; axe) in the <em>Wamy\u014d ruijush\u014d <\/em>\u548c\u540d\u985e\u805a\u6284, an important 10<sup>th<\/sup> century Japanese dictionary of Sinographs: \u97f3<strong>\u5e9c<\/strong>\u548c\u540d<strong>\u4e4e\u80fd<\/strong>\u4e00\u4e91<strong>\u8207\u5c90<\/strong> (<em>On <strong>fu<\/strong>, wamy<\/em><em>\u014d <strong>ono<\/strong>, hitotsu ni iu <strong>yoki<\/strong><\/em>), or <em>The Sino-Japanese reading <\/em>[on]<em> is <strong>fu<\/strong>; the Japanese vernacular term <\/em>[wamy\u014d]<em> is <strong>ono<\/strong>, another one is <strong>yoki<\/strong>.<\/em> From this explanation we know that the Sino-Japanese reading of Sinograph \u65a7 was <em>fu<\/em> and its associated vernacular Japanese readings were, at least, <em>ono<\/em> and <em>yoki<\/em>. Put another way, this confirms that already by the 10<sup>th<\/sup> century the reading of <em>yoki<\/em> for \u65a7 was well established. Today there are more than a few dialects that refer to a small hatchet with the word-form <em>yoki<\/em>, with the above excerpt from <em>The Kareki Sea<\/em> being one example. Nevertheless, <em>yoki<\/em> is an archaism that, despite surviving in a handful of dialects, is not comprehensible to speakers of modern standard Japanese; <em>yoki <\/em>is a special word-form and indicated as such with furigana. <ruby>\u865a<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3053<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby><ruby>\u7121<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3082\u3093<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby><ruby>\u50e7<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u305d<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby> (<em>komonso<\/em>) is also a special word-form. Similarly, if the two-character Sinograph string \u672c\u5bb6 did not have furigana attached to it readers would likely assume it is to be read <em>honke<\/em>. Here, however, the furigana tells us it represents the dialectal variant <em>hon\u2019ya<\/em>. As we see in these examples, if one writes special word-forms with Sinographs \u2013 for example, contrasting the dialectal word-form of a term with its modern standard equivalent by utilizing standard Sinographs \u2013 then one must use furigana to indicate that special word-form otherwise the desired communication cannot occur. Here, Sinographs serve as a point of connection between a modern standard word-form and a special word-form.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sinographs connecting two word-forms<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In <em>The Kareki Sea<\/em> one also encounters the term <ruby>\u6728\u99ac<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u304d\u3093\u307e<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby> (9). We can imagine that the furigana here, read <em>kinma<\/em>, illustrates a sound change from <em>kiuma<\/em> or <em>kimuma <\/em>into <em>kinma<\/em>. The etymology of <em>kinma<\/em>, however, is ultimately derived from <em>ki no uma <\/em>(lit., \u201chorse of wood\u201d), though in this text it is referring not to a wooden horse but to wooden sled used to transport lumber. In a way, the two-character Sinograph string \u6728 (<em>ki<\/em>; tree\/wood) and \u99ac (<em>uma<\/em>; horse) illustrate this etymology. On the other hand, the character-string \u6728\u99ac is usually read <em>mokuba<\/em> and refers to a horse-shaped object made out of wood (e.g., a rocking horse). The moment one writes the character string \u6728\u99ac the associations with the usual reading of <em>mokuba<\/em> bleed through from behind the Sinographs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In cases where the meaning of the Sino-Japanese word <em>mokuba<\/em> and the meaning of the term <em>kinma <\/em>(as indicated by the furigana) are superimposed on top of each other, the furigana (<em>kinma<\/em>) and the Sino-Japanese word (<em>mokuba<\/em>) hiding behind those two Sinographs are linked by the Sinographs. Thus, the Sinographs aid in understanding the meaning of the term indicated by furigana. This also means that in instances such as <em>kinma <\/em>and <em>mokuba<\/em>, where the term written in furigana and the meaning of the Sino-Japanese word peeking from behind the Sinographs are different, the furigana are simultaneously announcing that the two are different. In any case, we ought to pay attention to the fact that Sinographs can function as the link between two word-forms: the surface word-form indicated by furigana and the Sino-Japanese word-form(s) hiding in the background.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Though somewhat of an outlier, I will introduce another example that illustrates this point nicely. In Maruya Saiichi\u2019s&nbsp;<em>Kimigayo \u2013 Sing it in Falsetto!<\/em>&nbsp;(Uragoe de utae kimigayo) we meet a character named\u6797\u6e05\u7984, \u201cthe son of a Taiwanese couple living in Shizuoka Prefecture (though their nationality is in fact Japanese)\u201d (97). The novel depicts a scene in which this character meets someone for the first time:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong><ruby>\u6797<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u306f\u3084\u3057<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby><\/strong>\u3067\u3054\u3056\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3069\u3046\u305e\u3088\u308d\u3057\u304f\u3002\u300d\u3068\u6328\u62f6\u3057\u3001\u540d\u523a\u3092\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u3002<br><br>\u201cI\u2019m <strong>Hayashi<\/strong>, nice to meet you,\u201d he said and took out his business card.\u201d (94)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Here, \u6797\u6e05\u7984 &nbsp;introduces himself with the Japanese name Hayashi, typically written \u6797. Throughout the text we see other examples of this type:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u3055\u3046\u306a\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3002<strong>\u30ea\u30f3<\/strong>\u3055\u3093\u304c<strong>\u30cf\u30e4\u30b7<\/strong>\u3055\u3093\u306b\u306a\u3064\u305f\u308f\u3051\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002<br><br>\u201cIs that so? So, Mr. <strong>Rin<\/strong>became Mr. <strong>Hayashi<\/strong>. (96)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>This issue can arise when the same Sinographs are used in Taiwan, China, and Japan. While the meaning of the Sinograph \u6797 might be the same in all of these places (whatever \u201csame\u201d means), the possibility of reading it as either <em>Hayashi<\/em> (which, in this case, suggests a Japanese national) or reading it as <em>Rin <\/em>(which suggests a Chinese or Taiwanese national) is an example of how Sinographs can link two word-forms <em>and<\/em> two languages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Words written in katakana<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u014ce Kenzabur\u014d\u2019s <em>The Game of Contemporaneity<\/em>&nbsp;(D\u014djidai geemu) contains numerous examples of Japanese words written neither in Sinographs nor hiragana but katakana, the character set usually tasked with writing words of foreign origin. A few examples are \u8cbc\u308a\u30dc\u30c6 (<em>haribote<\/em>, papier-m\u00e2ch\u00e9; 207)\u3000\u30ac\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u30fc (<em>garandoo<\/em>, void; 329), \u30a6\u30ef\u30b4\u30c8 (<em>uwagoto<\/em>, delirious or incoherent speech; 393), and \u30d6\u30ec\u3066\u3044\u308b (<em>bureteiru<\/em>, to be blurred [i.e., a photograph]; 400). Each of these terms are, in a sense, difficult to write in Sinographs \u2013 even dictionaries might not provide a list of Sinographs used to write them. If one is determined to write them in Sinographs \u2013 for example, <ruby>\u56c8\u8a00<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3046\u308f\u3054\u3068<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby> (<em>uwagoto<\/em>) or <ruby>\u4f3d\u85cd\u5802<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u304c\u3089\u3093\u3069\u3046<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby> (<em>garand\u014d<\/em>) \u2013 then attaching furigana to them becomes necessary. On the other hand, within the same text there are examples such as <ruby>\u8548<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u304d\u306e\u3053<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby> (<em>kinoko<\/em>, mushroom; 324), a word often written in hiragana but here written not only in a Sinograph but in a less common one at that.<a href=\"#_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> Similarly, words such as \u30d0\u30cd (<em>bane<\/em>, a spring; 87), \u30ab\u30e9\u30af\u30ea (<em>karakuri<\/em>, a mechanism; 222), and \u30ac\u30e9\u30af\u30bf (<em>garakuta<\/em>, junk; 327) are not written in Sinographs or in (the usual) hiragana character set. Again, if there was a strong desire to write them using Sinographs (or if one were compelled to use them by some outside force) there are options: <ruby>\u767a\u6761<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3070\u306d<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>, <ruby>\u6a5f\u95a2<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u304b\u3089\u304f\u308a<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>, and <ruby>\u6211\u697d\u591a<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u304c\u3089\u304f\u305f<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>, respectively. These words stand out to the reader for no other reason than that they are written in the katakana character set.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A phonetic character set such as hiragana or katakana that represents individual syllables allows one to write any word in the language. If we place these phonetic kana on the extreme of one end of a spectrum, then we can also place the logographic Sinographs on the other extreme of the same spectrum.<a href=\"#_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> Sitting somewhere in the middle is the meeting point of these two: <ruby>\u6f22\u5b57<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3075\u308a\u304c\u306a<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby> (Sinographs and furigana). We can diagram this relationship as<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>\u4eee\u540d<\/td><td>\u21d4<\/td><td><ruby>\u6f22\u5b57<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u3075\u308a\u304c\u306a<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby><\/td><td>\u21d4<\/td><td>\u6f22\u5b57<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kana<\/td><td>\u21d4<\/td><td>Sinographs\/furigana<\/td><td>\u21d4<\/td><td>Sinographs<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>If there is either strong internal or external pressure to write <em>karakuri<\/em> in Sinographs then \u304b\u3089\u304f\u308a or \u30ab\u30e9\u30af\u30eawould become <ruby>\u6a5f\u95a2<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u304b\u3089\u304f\u308a<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby>, but if there is pressure to write <ruby>\u6a5f\u95a2<rp>(<\/rp><rt>\u304b\u3089\u304f\u308a<\/rt><rp>)<\/rp><\/ruby> in kana it becomes \u304b\u3089\u304f\u308a or \u30ab\u30e9\u30af\u30ea. Additionally, if there was a strong desire to write in the alphabet, we would get KARAKURI (or some variation therein).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When we consider that the company previously named \u7a32\u6bdb\u5c4b (Inageya) changed its name to \u3044\u306a\u3052\u3084 (Inageya), the bank \u99ff\u6cb3\u9280\u884c (Suruga gink\u014d) changed its name to \u30b9\u30eb\u30ac\u9280\u884c (Suruga gink\u014d), the pharmaceutical company \u6d25\u6751\u9806\u5929\u5802 (Tsumura juntend\u014d) became simply \u30c4\u30e0\u30e9 (Tsumura), the automotive component manufacturer \u8c4a\u7530\u7d21\u7e54 (Toyota b\u014dshoku) became \u30c8\u30e8\u30bf\u7d21\u7e54 (Toyota b\u014dshoku), the frozen food producer \u65e5\u672c\u51b7\u8535 (Nippon reiz\u014d) became \u30cb\u30c1\u30ec\u30a4 (Nichirei), and \u80fd\u7387\u98a8\u5442\u5de5\u696d (N\u014dritsuburo k\u014dgy\u014d) became \u30ce\u30fc\u30ea\u30c4 (Nooritsu), we can see the desire to write in Sinographs has shifted to a desire to write in kana. The three cities of \u6d66\u548c (Urawa), \u5927\u5bae (\u014cmiya), and \u4e0e\u91ce (Yono) of Saitama Prefecture combined to become \u3055\u3044\u305f\u307e\u5e02 (Saitama-shi, Saitama City) while similarly the town of \u79cb\u5ddd (Akigawa) and the city of \u4e94\u65e5\u5e02 (Itsukaichi) in the Tokyo metropolis combined to become the city of \u3042\u304d\u308b\u91ce (Akiruno). In Chiba Prefecture there is the city of \u3044\u3059\u307f (Isumi) and in Fukuoka there is \u307f\u3084\u307e (Miyama). To be honest, I was somewhat taken aback by the emergence of city names written in hiragana. We might also think of this period as one in which the desire to write in the alphabet is strong: \u98ef\u5c71\u96fb\u6a5f (Iiyama denki) became \u30a4\u30fc\u30e4\u30de (Iiyama) before settling on Iiyama, \u4f0a\u5948\u88fd\u9676 (Ina seit\u014d) became INAX, \u6771\u4eac\u96fb\u6c17\u5316\u5b66\u5de5\u696d (Tokyo denki kagaku k\u014dgy\u014d) became TDK, and \u6771\u6d0b\u9676\u5668 (T\u014dy\u014d t\u014dki) changed its name \u6771\u9676\u6a5f\u5668 (T\u014dt\u014d kiki) before becoming TOTO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>[1] [To elaborate just a bit more, the word <em>soyogu<\/em>, meaning \u201cto rustle; to sway\u201d and the Sinograph \u6226 are both commonly encountered in modern Japanese. It is the combination of the two, namely, \u6226\u3050, where the reader needs to associate the term with the Sinograph, that is not widely known and thus \u201cdifficult.\u201d In this particular case the situation is exacerbated because the Sinograph \u6226 is typically read as either <em>sen<\/em> or <em>tatakau<\/em>, meaning \u201cto do battle [with X].\u201d]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2] [The base text of the title provides furigana in Sinographs \u632f\u4eee\u540d while the actual furigana reads this character string as \u30eb\u30d3 <em>rubi<\/em>, or \u201cruby,\u201d another term for furigana that has its roots in printing culture.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[3] [The Sinograph \u8338 is more commonly associated with <em>kinoko<\/em>.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[4] [It is important to note that no script is either <em>fully <\/em>phonetic or logographic. A fully phonetic script such as the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is, in nearly all cases, too unwieldy and unnecessary for everyday use, while a purely logographic script does not, and likely cannot, exist. Indeed, Konno\u2019s words here are more nuanced: he says \u8868\u97f3\u7cfb\u6587\u5b57 (<em>hy\u014donkei moji<\/em>) and \u8868\u610f\u7cfb\u6587\u5b57 (<em>hy\u014dikei moji<\/em>),&nbsp; phonetic-type script and logographic-type script.]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"[2\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u30fb2\u3064\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e] \u3000\u300e\u6e90\u6c0f\u7269\u8a9e\u300f\u300c\u5e1a\u6728\u5dfb\u300d\u306b\u3001\u85e4\u5f0f\u90e8\u4e1e\u304c\u535a\u58eb\u5bb6\u306e\u5a18\u3092\u4e45\u3057\u3076\u308a\u306b\u8a2a\u306d\u305f\u6642\u306b\u3001\u5a18\u304b\u3089\u300c\u6708\u3054\u308d\u3001\u98a8\u75c5\u91cd\u304d\u306b\u305f\u3048\u304b\u306d\u3066\u3001\u6975\u71b1\u306e\u8349\u85ac\u3092\u670d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3044\u3068\u81ed\u304d\u306b\u3088\u308a\u306a\u3093\u3048\u5bfe\u9762\u305f\u307e\u306f\u3089\u306c\u300d\uff08\uff1d\u3053\u306e\u5e7e\u6708\u3001\u98a8\u75c5\u304c\u91cd\u304f [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":3405,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,395,396,411],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4036","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rensai","category-chosha","category-395","category-chris-lowy","category-architecture"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hituzi.co.jp\/hituzigusa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4036","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hituzi.co.jp\/hituzigusa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hituzi.co.jp\/hituzigusa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hituzi.co.jp\/hituzigusa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hituzi.co.jp\/hituzigusa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4036"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.hituzi.co.jp\/hituzigusa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4036\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6683,"href":"https:\/\/www.hituzi.co.jp\/hituzigusa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4036\/revisions\/6683"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hituzi.co.jp\/hituzigusa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3405"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hituzi.co.jp\/hituzigusa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4036"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hituzi.co.jp\/hituzigusa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4036"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hituzi.co.jp\/hituzigusa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4036"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}